Informative Articles About Digital Forensics Litigation Support
Role of the Computer Forensics Expert Witness in the Litigation Process
Computer Forensics Computer forensics are used in criminal investigation, civil litigation, hacking, embezzlement, industrial espionage, insurance fraud and law enforcement or Internet/company property abuse. Computer forensics focuses on acquisition, restoration and analysis of digital data. In business world, computer forensics can be used to restore corrupted or lost data, resurrect outdated software environment, and analyze common security breach activities. A Computer Forensics Expert A computer forensics expert is an experienced personnel who can access a compromised computer, duplicate all files and directories and document all steps taken during the recovery and discovery process. A computer forensics expert is an experienced personnel who can maintain the integrity of data, preserving the chain of control and following a proven methodology of review. A computer forensics expert can track deleted files, hidden files, files created by the system such as an automatic backup of a document, or fragmented files that are scattered throughout the storage devices. A computer forensics expert is an experienced personnel who can document the location of electronic data, its nature, format and other identifiers. A Computer Forensics Expert Witness A computer forensics expert witness is an experienced personnel who is adept at handling the tools of computer forensics, resolving matters in corporates and litigation processes by contributing to the evidence pool, establishing truth for more efficient and rapid resolution, judgment or settlement. Digital data that is lost, stolen, deleted or otherwise manipulated…
Read MoreNetwork Security Auditing
The word audit brings a lot of scenes to your mind. A lot of unpleasantness is associated with this word. Network security audit does ring a bell of tax audit though in an altogether different sense. In the regular tax audit you can see people physically accessing your files and network security audit they crawl into the virtual world of computer network. Network security auditing is an approach to auditing networks in order to ensure their safety. In the entire information systems audit framework, the audit of networks is one piece of a big puzzle. The other pieces of the puzzle are audits of application software, data base etc. A Network Security Auditor’s job is to gather certain information and understanding of this information about the network to review in order to complete the audit of network security. The first step in this Network Security Audit is to determine the expanse of the network. A typical way to do this is to examine the network diagram. This diagram shows all the routes available on the network. A Network Security Auditor had to ensure the accuracy of this diagram. Businesses change and the network diagram needs to be updated with these changes. An auditor has to observe the processes that exist in the organization to update and maintain the diagram accurately. Concentration at particular areas in the network such as data centers where ERP…
Read MoreWhy Do You Need A Computer Forensics Expert Witness
Since the turn of the millennium for personal and business purposes computers have become ‘the most must have contraptions’ and the usage and dependence on the Internet continued to move upwards. 80% of all corporate data is now being stored electronically and allowed to stay in electronic format. Then came the bad news. As the use of computers escalated, so did the computer crime. According to the Crime in America statistics website, in 2009 alone, computer crime increased by 22 percent. These crimes needed a computer expert, an investigator to fathom the depth of the crime and an expert who can present the computer evidence methodically in the court of law to convict him. The computer expert, the computer forensic specialist and a Forensics Expert Witness have now new avatar as a Computer Forensics Expert Witness A Computer Forensics Expert Witness is a Computer Forensic investigator who can investigate. A Computer Forensics Expert Witness is a specialist within Computer Forensics and E-Discovery and can testify regarding the accuracy and findings from the computer forensics. A Computer Forensics Expert Witness may work in close conjunction with a Computer Forensics investigator, or he himself would work as both. Computer Forensics investigator is the specialist who can methodically investigate, discover and analyze the available, deleted, or hidden information that can be put to use as irrefutable evidence in a legal case. A Computer Forensics Expert Witness…
Read MoreDoes Your Company Have A Computer Incident Response Team (CIRT)?
Computer Incident Response Team is an expert group that handles computer security incidents. Whenever a new technology arrives, it is invariably dogged by misuse like the first worm in the IBM VNET and Morris Worm that hit Internet and paralyzed it. This led to the formation of the first Computer Emergency Response Team at Carnegie Mellon University under U.S. Government contract. With the massive growth in the use of Information and Communications Technologies thereafter, the Computer Incident Response Team (CIRT) has come to stay as an essential part of large organizations. No matter how well your network is protected, there are always incidents you are not prepared to deal with, by yourself. It may be because the problem is beyond your technical know-how for the necessary action to be taken. Security policy of a company is not complete until procedures are put into place for the handling and recovery from the incidents. The best solution is to include a Computer Incident Response Team (CIRT) within the company’s incident response procedures. What is a Computer Incident Response Team (CIRT)? A Computer Incident Response Team (CIRT) is a group of people who can promptly and correctly handle an incident. A Computer Incident Response Team (CIRT) can quickly contain, investigate and recover from an incident that poses a threat to the security of an organization. A Computer Incident Response Team (CIRT) is usually comprised of members…
Read MoreHow The Computer Criminals Control Information – Types of Computer Crime
As computer-related crimes become more prevalent, understanding the types of computer-related crimes provides law enforcement an insight for investigative strategies. The first insight is knowing the types of computer crimes. Computer as the Target This computer crime includes theft of intellectual property. The offender accesses the operating program under the guise of the system’s manager. The intruder accesses the contents of computer files in the system through the trap door that permits access to systems should there be a human or technological problem. Here, the offender uses the computer to obtain information or to damage operating programs while committing the following computer crimes: Theft of marketing information, like customer lists, pricing data, or marketing plans Blackmail based on information gained from computerized files, like the medical information, personal history, or sexual preference Sabotage of intellectual property, marketing, pricing, or personnel data Sabotage of operating systems and programs with the intent to impede a business or create chaos in a business operations Unlawful access to criminal justice and other government records Changing a criminal history, modifying want and warrant information Creating a driver’s license, passport, or another document for false identification Changing tax records or gaining access to intelligence files Techno-vandalism through unauthorized access to damage files or programs Techno-trespass violating the owner’s privacy as in criminal trespass Computer as the Instrumentality of the Crime Here, the processes of the computer facilitate the crime.…
Read MoreComputer Forensics Services Against Computer Vandalism
Computer crime, cybercrime, e-crime, hi-tech crime or electronic crime generally refers to criminal activity where a computer or network is the source, tool, or target of a crime. Although computer crime and cybercrime are more properly restricted to describing criminal activity in which the computer or network is a necessary part of the crime, they are also used to include crimes like fraud, theft, blackmail, forgery, and embezzlement, in which computers, information technology or networks is used. A computer is an excellent device for record keeping, particularly given the power to encode the data and can be used as a source of evidence. This evidence can be obtained and decoded, which can be used by the criminal investigators with the technical help provided by Computer Forensics Services. Computer Forensics Services makes use of analytical and investigative techniques to identify, collect, examine and preserve evidence or information that is magnetically stored or encoded against such crimes. A forensic investigation by Computer Forensics Services can be initiated as part of criminal investigation, or civil litigation, through the sophisticated digital forensic techniques. Computer Forensics Services like Data Triage Technologies provides digital evidence when data has been lost in the instances like: Employee internet abuse Unauthorized disclosure of corporate information and data Industrial espionage Damage of the system in an accident Criminal fraud and deception cases Criminal cases where criminals have used computers to store information Investigation…
Read MoreNetwork Forensic Analysis Tools to Assess Network Vulnerabilities
Every organization today has some type of a network security policy to protect or secure its systems, but when there is a violation of organization policies with vulnerable attacks then forensic analysis plays a crucial role. The evidence in computer forensics may take many forms with the help of network forensic tools. Many network analysis tools are available nowadays to create a report containing details of potential problems like monitoring network computers for possible vulnerabilities, checking network for all potential methods that a hacker might use to attack etc. Some of the forensic tools are specially designed for networks. For example: DNA (Distributed Network Attack) a new approach in computer forensic analysis is one of the most efficient forensic tools in recovery of password protected files. The new tool made major advancements in recovery of distributed network system, which were earlier limited to the processing of single machine. With installation of the DNA tool on the server it will have access to the network and power to processes on different machines to decrypt the passwords. There by the DNA manager is responsible for coordinating the attack, assigning small portions of key search to machines distributed throughout the network. With the use of this forensic tool the liability of client to commit mistakes can be avoided. There are other forensic tools, some designed for analysis of network activity and some are intended for log…
Read MoreTips To Protect Your Server From Getting Hacked
Generally as we know that when we visit a web page or when you interact with any web application on internet, some of the information pertaining to us will be stored on the server. When the hackers enter into a hosting server they will try to obtain the root access of your server and will know the confidential database details, which are restricted to the regular visitors. They crack the personal information about the user and steal credit card numbers, which the user submit while making a purchase through the website. Have doubt on how this hacking on your server takes? Want to know more how the servers are hacked and how we can protect our servers from being hacked? Being able to run this server-side scripting language or the data in transit is not protected or not encrypted are the reasons to hack, most of the time. Different hackers use different ways, often called white hat hackers and black hat users. These white hat hackers find the security flaw in a script of a website or software and make it public, where as black hat users are malicious hackers, who tamper illegally with software installed in your computers and tell other users about how to do the same. Finding hackers breaking into your server is difficult to find, as they are not easy to spot. The script kiddies utilize free software hacking…
Read MoreComputer Forensic Focus On Keystroke Logging
Computer forensics or digital forensics has extremely gone under rapid forensic application of computer investigation and is often followed up with expert witness in court. Computer forensics is something which you really need to do regularly in investigation process which will help, boost business and will also present evidence through out the legal process. To protect your company, business on internet against hacking, you have to know the tactics employed by the hackers which will help you prevent the fraud by staying one step ahead of them. The data generally is hacked by means of phishing, spyware, malware programs, insider attacks, keystroke logging etc. In this article i would like to discuss on the keystroke logging. Have doubt on what exactly is keystroke logging? Keystroke logging or keylogging is a method of capturing information and recording user keystrokes through hardware or software program. The keystroke logging are done remotely to steal credit card and bank account numbers, usernames, passwords and also some times to monitor personal files, emails and FTP to spy them. These keyloggers can be installed through download programs and also through physical access to the computer. How exactly it works – The key logger uses a web server and appends the browser redirecting it to web pages and when the client downloads the web page and Java script, it redirects to hackers site unknowingly and keyboard logger is installed and…
Read MoreEmail Discovery as Electronic Evidence
In today’s legal discovery world, electronically stored information requires special attention in litigation. The recent emphasis on producing electronically stored information requires an e-discovery team to apply legal principles to information technology. But electronically stored information in some cases drive them out of business, especially in companies as they are unaware to find electronically stored information, especially Email and associated attachments. Most email discovery efforts relate to the collection and review of Email as they remain one of the highest risk areas. Email is most popularly used by all the people for communication of personal or business related matters. Currently more than 1000 million Email accounts are in use Worldwide, with an average of more than 4 Email accounts per person. With the Email accounts, all your incoming, saved, and sent mail is stored on a mail server with in IMAP folders. As we know we all rely on Email to operate our businesses in our personal lives, it is important to take preventive measures to avoid the ultimate disaster of unrecoverable Email. The message index in the Email s lists the messages and is stored as entries in a database associated with the file structure. When you delete mail messages the attachments of the deleted file are also deleted as well. How ever you can restore them as they are only moved to a special deleted message folder called Trash folder, like…
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